概要：
excel导出在C#代码中应用己经很广泛了，我这里就做些总结，供自己和读者学习用。
Excel知识点。
一、添加引用和命名空间
添加Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel引用，它的默认路径是C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Visual Studio Tools for Office\PIA\Office12\Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.dll 代码中添加引用using Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;
下载Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.dll
二、Excel类的简单介绍 此命名空间下关于Excel类的结构分别为： ApplicationClass - 就是我们的excel应用程序。 Workbook - 就是我们平常见的一个个excel文件，经常是使用Workbooks类对其进行操作。 Worksheet - 就是excel文件中的一个个sheet页。 Worksheet.Cells[row, column] - 就是某行某列的单元格，注意这里的下标row和column都是从1开始的，跟我平常用的数组或集合的下标有所不同。 知道了上述基本知识后，利用此类来操作excel就清晰了很多。
三、Excel的操作 任何操作Excel的动作首先肯定是用excel应用程序，首先要new一个ApplicationClass 实例，并在最后将此实例释放。
| 1 2 3 4 5 | ApplicationClass xlsApp = new ApplicationClass(); // 1. 创建Excel应用程序对象的一个实例，相当于我们从开始菜单打开Excel应用程序。 if (xlsApp == null ) { //对此实例进行验证，如果为null则表示运行此代码的机器可能未安装Excel } |
1. 打开现有的Excel文件
| 1 2 3 | Workbook workbook = xlsApp.Workbooks.Open(excelFilePath, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing); Worksheet mySheet = workbook.Sheets[1] as Worksheet; //第一个sheet页 mySheet.Name = "testsheet" ; //这里修改sheet名称 |
2.复制sheet页
| 1 | mySheet.Copy(Type.Missing, workbook.Sheets[1]); //复制mySheet成一个新的sheet页，复制完后的名称是mySheet页名称后加一个(2)，这里就是testsheet(2)，复制完后，Worksheet的数量增加一个 |
注意 这里Copy方法的两个参数，指是的复制出来新的sheet页是在指定sheet页的前面还是后面，上面的例子就是指复制的sheet页在第一个sheet页的后面。 3.删除sheet页
| 1 2 | xlsApp.DisplayAlerts = false ; //如果想删除某个sheet页，首先要将此项设为fasle。 (xlsApp.ActiveWorkbook.Sheets[1] as Worksheet).Delete(); |
4.选中sheet页
| 1 | (xlsApp.ActiveWorkbook.Sheets[1] as Worksheet).Select(Type.Missing); //选中某个sheet页 |
5.另存excel文件
| 1 2 | workbook.Saved = true ; workbook.SaveCopyAs(filepath); |
6.释放excel资源
| 1 2 3 4 | workbook.Close( true , Type.Missing, Type.Missing); workbook = null ; xlsApp.Quit(); xlsApp = null ; |
一般的我们传入一个DataTable生成Excel代码
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 | /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="dt"></param> protected void ExportExcel(DataTable dt) { if (dt == null ||dt.Rows.Count==0) return ; Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application xlApp = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application(); if (xlApp == null ) { return ; } System.Globalization.CultureInfo CurrentCI = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture; System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo( "en-US" ); Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks workbooks = xlApp.Workbooks; Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = workbooks.Add(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet); Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[1]; Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range range; long totalCount = dt.Rows.Count; long rowRead = 0; float percent = 0; for ( int i = 0; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++) { worksheet.Cells[1, i + 1] = dt.Columns[i].ColumnName; range = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[1, i + 1]; range.Interior.ColorIndex = 15; range.Font.Bold = true ; } for ( int r = 0; r < dt.Rows.Count; r++) { for ( int i = 0; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++) { worksheet.Cells[r + 2, i + 1] = dt.Rows[r][i].ToString(); } rowRead++; percent = (( float )(100 * rowRead)) / totalCount; } xlApp.Visible = true ; } |
如果要在excel中插入图片，我们需要把代码加入一行即可，如下所示
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 | protected void ExportExcel(DataTable dt) { if (dt == null || dt.Rows.Count == 0) return ; Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application xlApp = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application(); if (xlApp == null ) { return ; } System.Globalization.CultureInfo CurrentCI = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture; System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo( "en-US" ); Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks workbooks = xlApp.Workbooks; Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = workbooks.Add(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet); Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[1]; Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range range; long totalCount = dt.Rows.Count; long rowRead = 0; float percent = 0; for ( int i = 0; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++) { worksheet.Cells[1, i + 1] = dt.Columns[i].ColumnName; range = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[1, i + 1]; range.Interior.ColorIndex = 15; } for ( int r = 0; r < dt.Rows.Count; r++) { for ( int i = 0; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++) { try { worksheet.Cells[r + 2, i + 1] = dt.Rows[r][i].ToString(); } catch { worksheet.Cells[r + 2, i + 1] = dt.Rows[r][i].ToString().Replace( "=" , "" ); } } rowRead++; percent = (( float )(100 * rowRead)) / totalCount; } worksheet.Shapes.AddPicture( "C:\\Users\\spring\\Desktop\\1.gif" , Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoCTrue, 100, 200, 200, 300); worksheet.Shapes.AddTextEffect(Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoPresetTextEffect.msoTextEffect1, "123456" , "Red" , 15, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoTrue, 150, 200); xlApp.Visible = true ; } |
我们调用如下:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | public void GenerateExcel() { DataTable dt = new DataTable(); dt.Columns.Add( "Name" , typeof ( string )); dt.Columns.Add( "Age" , typeof ( string )); DataRow dr = dt.NewRow(); dr[ "Name" ] = "spring" ; dr[ "Age" ] = "20" ; dt.Rows.Add(dr); dt.AcceptChanges(); ExportExcel(dt); } |
运行结果如下所示:
其中如下代码的作用是
| 1 | worksheet.Shapes.AddPicture( "C:\\Users\\spring\\Desktop\\1.gif" , Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoCTrue, 100, 200, 200, 300); |
在Excel的指定位置加入图片
| 1 | worksheet.Shapes.AddTextEffect(Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoPresetTextEffect.msoTextEffect1, "123456" , "Red" , 15, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoTrue, 150, 200); |
在Excel的指定位置加入文本框，和里面的内容.
我们可以这样来设计一个ExcelBase的基类:
先创建一个ExcelBE.cs：
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 | public class ExcelBE { private int _row = 0; private int _col = 0; private string _text = string .Empty; private string _startCell = string .Empty; private string _endCell = string .Empty; private string _interiorColor = string .Empty; private bool _isMerge = false ; private int _size = 0; private string _fontColor = string .Empty; private string _format = string .Empty; public ExcelBE( int row, int col, string text, string startCell, string endCell, string interiorColor, bool isMerge, int size, string fontColor, string format) { _row = row; _col = col; _text = text; _startCell = startCell; _endCell = endCell; _interiorColor = interiorColor; _isMerge = isMerge; _size = size; _fontColor = fontColor; _format = format; } public ExcelBE() { } public int Row { get { return _row; } set { _row = value; } } public int Col { get { return _col; } set { _col = value; } } public string Text { get { return _text; } set { _text = value; } } public string StartCell { get { return _startCell; } set { _startCell = value; } } public string EndCell { get { return _endCell; } set { _endCell = value; } } public string InteriorColor { get { return _interiorColor; } set { _interiorColor = value; } } public bool IsMerge { get { return _isMerge; } set { _isMerge = value; } } public int Size { get { return _size; } set { _size = value; } } public string FontColor { get { return _fontColor; } set { _fontColor = value; } } public string Formart { get { return _format; } set { _format = value; } } } |
接下来创建ExcelBase.cs:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 | public class ExcelBase { private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application app = null ; private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = null ; private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet = null ; private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range workSheet_range = null ; public ExcelBase() { createDoc(); } public void createDoc() { try { app = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application(); app.Visible = true ; workbook = app.Workbooks.Add(1); worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Sheets[1]; } catch (Exception e) { Console.Write( "Error" ); } finally { } } public void InsertData(ExcelBE be) { worksheet.Cells[be.Row, be.Col] = be.Text; workSheet_range = worksheet.get_Range(be.StartCell, be.EndCell); workSheet_range.MergeCells = be.IsMerge; workSheet_range.Interior.Color = GetColorValue(be.InteriorColor); workSheet_range.Borders.Color = System.Drawing.Color.Black.ToArgb(); workSheet_range.ColumnWidth = be.Size; workSheet_range.Font.Color = string .IsNullOrEmpty(be.FontColor) ? System.Drawing.Color.White.ToArgb() : System.Drawing.Color.Black.ToArgb(); workSheet_range.NumberFormat = be.Formart; } private int GetColorValue( string interiorColor) { switch (interiorColor) { case "YELLOW" : return System.Drawing.Color.Yellow.ToArgb(); case "GRAY" : return System.Drawing.Color.Gray.ToArgb(); case "GAINSBORO" : return System.Drawing.Color.Gainsboro.ToArgb(); case "Turquoise" : return System.Drawing.Color.Turquoise.ToArgb(); case "PeachPuff" : return System.Drawing.Color.PeachPuff.ToArgb(); default : return System.Drawing.Color.White.ToArgb(); } } } |
调用的代码如下:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 | private void btnRun_Click( object sender, EventArgs e) { ExcelBase excel = new ExcelBase(); //creates the main header ExcelBE be = null ; be = new ExcelBE (5, 2, "Total of Products" , "B5" , "D5" , "YELLOW" , true , 10, "n" , null ); excel.InsertData(be); //creates subheaders be = new ExcelBE (6, 2, "Sold Product" , "B6" , "B6" , "GRAY" , true , 10, "" , null ); excel.InsertData(be); be= new ExcelBE(6, 3, "" , "C6" , "C6" , "GRAY" , true , 10, "" , null ); excel.InsertData(be); be= new ExcelBE (6, 4, "Initial Total" , "D6" , "D6" , "GRAY" , true , 10, "" , null ); excel.InsertData(be); //add Data to cells be= new ExcelBE (7, 2, "114287" , "B7" , "B7" , null , false ,10, "" , "#,##0" ); excel.InsertData(be); be= new ExcelBE (7, 3, "" , "C7" , "C7" , null , false ,10, "" , null ); excel.InsertData(be); be = new ExcelBE(7, 4, "129121" , "D7" , "D7" , null , false , 10, "" , "#,##0" ); excel.InsertData(be); //add percentage row be = new ExcelBE(8, 2, "" , "B8" , "B8" , null , false , 10, "" , "" ); excel.InsertData(be); be = new ExcelBE(8, 3, "=B7/D7" , "C8" , "C8" , null , false , 10, "" , "0.0%" ); excel.InsertData(be); be = new ExcelBE(8, 4, "" , "D8" , "D8" , null , false , 10, "" , "" ); excel.InsertData(be); //add empty divider be = new ExcelBE(9, 2, "" , "B9" , "D9" , "GAINSBORO" , true , 10, "" , null ); excel.InsertData(be); } |
结果如下图所示：
出处：